New hosts of Oidiopsis haplophylli in the Solanaceae Family in Brazil
نویسندگان
چکیده
A powdery mildew disease was observed on leaves of Solanum gilo, S. melongena, S. tuberosum S. chacoense, Nicotiana rustica and N. tabacum in Brasília (Federal District), Brazil. Symptoms were mainly characterized by adaxial yellow areas in the leaves corresponding to white fungal colonies on the abaxial surface. Profuse sporulation was often observed. Light microscopy of the fungal colonies revealed the presence of conidiophores emerging through stomata with some having two or three branches. Ellipsoidal, subhyaline conidia were predominantly born singly and terminally on the conidiophore. All morphometrical characteristics agreed with those of Oidiopsis haplophylli (Syn. O. sicula). The teleomorph (Leveillula taurica) was not observed. Inoculation tests indicated that O. haplophylli isolates obtained from S. gilo, S. melongena, S. tuberosum, S. chacoense, Nicotiana rustica and N. tabacum were also pathogenic to sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). This is apparently the first report of these Solanaceae species as hosts of O. haplophylli in Brazil. This disease may become important in these crops, especially in greenhouses, and in hot and dry areas where drip irrigation is employed. Additional keywords: etiology, Solanum gilo, S. melongena, S. tuberosum, S. chacoense, Nicotiana tabacum, N. rustica, powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica. RESUMO Novas solanáceas hospedeiras de Oidiopsis haplophylli no Brasil A ocorrência natural de oídio foi observada em plantas de jiló (Solanum gilo), berinjela (S. melongena), batata (S. tuberosum), batata silvestre (S. chacoense) e em duas espécies de fumo (Nicotiana rustica e N. tabacum) em Brasília, Distrito Federal. Os sintomas iniciais da doença incluíam manchas amarelas na face superior do limbo foliar correspondendo a colônias fúngicas, esbranquiçadas com abundante produção de conídios, na superfície inferior. Com o desenvolvimento da doença, as manchas amarelas passaram a necróticas com coloração marrom clara. Observações em lupa revelaram a presença de conidióforos emergindo através dos estômatos e alguns apresentavam duas a três ramificações. Conídios hialinos e com evidente dimorfismo foram observados, sendo os conídios primários de formato lanceolado e os secundários subcilindricos. As características morfológicas e morfométricas dos dois tipos de conídios apresentaram um padrão similar àqueles descritos para Oidiopsis haplophylli. A forma perfeita do fungo (Leveillula taurica) não foi encontrada em nenhuma das hospedeiras examinadas. Este é o primeiro relato destas seis espécies de solanáceas como hospedeiras naturais de O. haplophylli no Brasil. Inoculações controladas empregando os isolados de O. haplophylli obtidos destas hospedeiras indicaram que estes são também patogênicos ao pimentão (Capsicum annuum) e tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum). Esta doença pode se tornar um problema para estas novas hospedeiras especialmente em condições de cultivo protegido ou em áreas de clima seco com irrigação localizada via gotejamento. Palavras-chave adicionais: etiologia, oídio, Leveillula taurica, Oidiopsis sicula, Solanum gilo, S. melongena, S. tuberosum, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum. 195 Fitopatol. bras. 30(2), mar abr 2005
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